10 Comments

The Essence of All Beings

We'd like to encourage anyone who may be interested in attending our upcoming introductory weekend online retreat, July 28 - July 30. We find the most successful way to build a strong practice is to come to retreats. We would love to see you there!


“It is worth a few moments of reflection to grasp what it means to say that God has become all things,” Easwaran begins his commentary on the name The Essence of All Beings. This week’s reading is pages 35–41 of The Constant Companion, covering that name along with Maker of All Things and The Eternal Law. Throughout, he helps us with this reflection using vivid illustrations of the universe’s grandeur.

Together we can grow our gratitude to the Lord as we admire the magnificence of creation. “‘Everybody praises the building,’ says Sri Ramakrishna, a towering mystic of nineteenth-century Bengal. ‘But how many seek to know its Maker?’”

  • Is there a particular situation that causes you to get speeded up or agitated? What tips does Easwaran offer in this reading that you could try out in this situation? Even if the tips don’t seem to directly apply, try them anyhow and tell us what you find.

  • We are taking this book study as an opportunity to give special attention to our practice of Spiritual Reading. On the days you are able to do spiritual reading, what benefits do you find?

10 Comments

12 Comments

The Support of All Creatures

 
 

We'd like to encourage anyone who may be interested in attending our upcoming introductory weekend online retreat, July 28 - July 30. We find the most successful way to build a strong practice is to come to retreats. We would love to see you there!


This week we cover five names of the Lord as we read pages 28–34 in The Constant Companion,* including The One and The Many. How is the Lord both one and many? “This apparent paradox is the result of looking at the same reality from different points of view.”

This point is fundamental to the Thousand Names, and we see it in several of the names this week. For example, Easwaran explains that in the climax of meditation, when we discover this Self in the depths of our consciousness, “at that moment we see the Lord in every other creature as well. These are not two different discoveries, in other words; they are different aspects of the same realization. To find out who I am, then, is to find out who you are – and who everyone else is, too.”

  • Is there a tip in this reading that is particularly challenging for you? How will you wrestle with it this week?

  • As we read The Constant Companion, we are working to strengthen our practice of Spiritual Reading via reflection. This week consider how these stories are speaking to a loving relationship in your life.

For a spiritual treat this week, here is a brief video in which Easwaran draws inspiration from the great mystic poet Kabir.

* For those using electronic versions of The Constant Companion with different page numbering: this week’s reading is Easwaran’s commentary on the names The Support of All Creatures through The Many.

12 Comments

12 Comments

He Who Is Everywhere

 
 

Thanks to all who joined in our celebration of Christine Easwaran’s birthday, including last Sunday’s culmination!


Also, we'd like to encourage anyone who may be interested in attending our upcoming introductory weekend online retreat, July 28 - July 30. We find the most successful way to build a strong practice is to come to retreats. We would love to see you there!


We hope you are enjoying and finding inspiration in our new book study of The Constant Companion. This week let’s read pages 22–27, where Easwaran comments on the names He Who Is Everywhere and Maker of All Beings.

“It takes a lifetime to grasp the significance of this simple truth that the Lord is present everywhere,” Easwaran writes. “But as it seeps into our consciousness, we gain a new respect for all creation.” We look forward to hearing your reflections.

  • Is there some tip from Easwaran in this reading that you tend to skim over because you have already heard it many times before? Try focusing on it this week.

  • As we read The Constant Companion, we are working to strengthen our practice of Spiritual Reading. This week consider how these stories are speaking to a difficult situation in your life.

For our spiritual treats in the Easwaran Digital Library, we’ve been enjoying Easwaran’s Patanjali talks for some time. This week in coordination with our book study let’s try something new and dip into The Thousand Names Talks,* also in the vast Audio Talks section. If you are new to this series, the player should begin automatically with Talk One. The majority of this half-hour talk is Easwaran’s sonorous Sanskrit chanting. If time is short, consider starting with just the first five minutes, where Easwaran introduces the scripture and begins the recital with an invocation.

* You’ll need to log in for the link above to work. If it’s your first time, use the button Create new account from the login page.

12 Comments

16 Comments

Celebrating Christine Easwaran

We have arrived at the week of our Celebration of Christine Easwaran’s birthday! We have a special curriculum in which you can participate here in the eSatsang, as well as in Satsang Live this week.

Let’s begin with Easwaran reading one of Christine’s favorite passages, “Prayer for Peace” from Swami Omkar.

Next we have three special readings to enjoy, providing inspiration from Christine’s life and her foremost themes:

  1. With My Love and Blessings, pages 16–17

  2. Christine’s Publisher’s Page from the Summer 2010 Blue Mountain Journal

  3. Strength in the Storm, pages 160–162

And let’s end our birthday curriculum with another passage: here is Easwaran reading “The Prayer of Saint Francis” from Saint Francis of Assisi.

  • What is one statement that speaks to your heart in these readings? How will you put it into action this week?

  • We have recently been reflecting on our practice of Spiritual Reading. This week consider how your spiritual reading contributes to your role in the spiritual renaissance.

  • Join us on Sunday for a Day of Mantrams for Peace and Healing in the World in Christine’s honor. The centerpiece of our day is BMCM Satsang Live, where we will repeat this curriculum together. Your presence is important!

For this week’s spiritual treat, we hope you enjoy the special video available in the Easwaran Digital Library in Christine’s honor.

16 Comments

10 Comments

He Who Is Everything

Special Announcement

Our beloved Christine’s birthday falls at the end of June. In former times, during this whole month, your cards and letters poured in, and Christine read each one with great joy.

Last year, instead of sending cards and letters, you poured your hearts into the mantram for her as she was preparing to shed her body. Doesn’t it feel right to continue this tradition in her honor?

So let’s make special effort with our mantrams throughout the month of June. Sunday, June 25 will be our actual celebration of her birthday with a special program on Satsang Live and a day of mantrams for peace and healing in the world.


Quoting the great sage Bhishma from the Mahabharata, Easwaran ends his introduction to The Constant Companion: “Now, O Prince, I shall recite the Thousand Names. Listen carefully, and they will remove fear and evil from your life."

For our second week of this new book study, let’s read pages 15–21,* finishing the introduction and taking in the first name on which Easwaran comments: He Who Is Everything. “[T]he Thousand Names reminds us from the outset that the Lord is the universe. He has entered into all things. At the core of creation, in the heart of every creature, is the Lord, the very basis of existence.”

  • Is there a relationship in your life that you wish you could improve? Read this article for tips from Easwaran. Try applying those tips, even if you can’t apply them directly to this particular relationship.

  • Last week we began reflecting on our practice of Spiritual Reading. This week, look for ways that reading Easwaran’s books helps you make your highest ideals a part of your daily life.

For our extra spiritual tidbit, here is Christine Easwaran reading the passage “Life of My Life” from Meera.

* For those using electronic versions of The Constant Companion with different page numbering: this week’s reading is the second half of the introduction, beginning with “Vishnu is also…,” plus Easwaran’s commentary on the name He Who is Everything. (Please note that the latest edition of our ebook is titled Names of the Lord.)

10 Comments

12 Comments

The Constant Companion

Special Announcement

Our beloved Christine’s birthday falls at the end of June. In former times, during this whole month, your cards and letters poured in, and Christine read each one with great joy.

Last year, instead of sending cards and letters, you poured your hearts into the mantram for her as she was preparing to shed her body. Doesn’t it feel right to continue this tradition in her honor?

So let’s make special effort with our mantrams throughout the month of June. Sunday, June 25 will be our actual celebration of her birthday with a special program on Satsang Live and a day of mantrams for peace and healing in the world.


“Most of the world’s major religions have a tradition celebrating the Holy Names of God,” Easwaran begins his introduction to The Constant Companion, also titled The Thousand Names of Vishnu. Along with this global context, Easwaran shares his intimate family context: “My grandmother, my spiritual teacher, would place a lighted oil lamp in front of the image of Sri Krishna. Then an uncle who was a Sanskrit scholar would chant the names of the Lord one by one, with the sacred word Om before each name and the word namah after it.” Easwaran says he must have heard these thousand names a thousand times while growing up, recited at dawn for an hour.

He also shares the practical purpose of this ritual: “Even for a child, then, the Thousand Names were a constant reminder that there is a spark of divinity in everyone.”

As we embark together on this book study, may we too fill our minds with the thought of God, and know that “what we think of constantly, we see wherever we look.” Our reading this week is the start of the introduction on page 11 to the bottom of page 15, ending “…light and peace.”

  • Read this article as if you and Easwaran are having a conversation. What advice does he give you, and how can you apply it this week?

  • As we take up The Constant Companion, let’s give special attention to our practice of Spiritual Reading. What do you find most helpful or nourishing about the ways you already practice Spiritual Reading?

12 Comments

11 Comments

Returning Home

 
 

As Easwaran takes us through the later stages of his journey up the Blue Mountain – and by analogy the adventure of attaining the highest state of consciousness – a marked change occurs. “Until now we have been making all the effort in our climb. But from now on we feel an unseen power drawing us from above, guarding us against the dangers of the precipitous ascent. This grace does not come from any external power. We have shown our dedication, purified our effort; now the Lord of Love, the Divine Mother within, begins to draw us to her, infusing our limited will with hers, which is infinite.”

This week’s reading is the final pages of Climbing the Blue Mountain, 164–169.* Together we’ve completed our book study and continued to build our helpful habit of reading a whole volume from Easwaran.

  • What is one statement that speaks to your heart in this reading? How will you put it into action this week?

  • Throughout this book study, we have given special effort to our practice of Putting Others First. What is one positive effect you have noticed from this work?

  • Next week, on June 9th, the eSatsang will begin studying Easwaran’s The Constant Companion. To prepare, make sure you have the book available.

    • For readers living in the United States, the print book is available here on our BMCM web store. Electronic versions are available worldwide and are also linked from that page.

    • Here is the cover of the edition we’ll be using:

 
 

For this week’s spiritual treat, Easwaran summarizes the insights of the sages of ancient India and shows how they can transform our daily life and our world. As the awareness of unity dawns in us through meditation, our consciousness gradually expands to embrace all of life.

* For those using electronic versions of Climbing the Blue Mountain with different page numbering: this week’s reading is the second half of the chapter “Climbing the Blue Mountain,” starting with “Now we are three thousand feet….”

11 Comments

14 Comments

Climbing the Blue Mountain

 
 

“For thousands of years, mystics of all religions have used the image of ascending a mountain to describe the adventure of attaining the highest state of consciousness,” Easwaran writes, as he introduces the journey he used to make each year to the summit of the Blue Mountain.

From the heat and dry, oppressive wind of Central India's summer he traveled south by train on the Grand Trunk Express to Madras, then on the Blue Mountain Express to Coimbatore, hot and dusty across the southern part of India. Then by rural bus he made a slow, imperceptible ascent to the town of Mettupalayam, which means “elevated camp.” “I breathe a sigh of relief as the bus leaves behind the din and dust of the town and crosses the Bhavani River, named after the Divine Mother,” he shares.

“That is how sadhana proceeds these first few years,” he explains. “From day to day you seem to make no progress.” But we have risen significantly. Above the foothills now, new challenges begin: “For miles the road winds through a dense forest, abounding with wild animals….” This week, let’s read the first half of the ascent, pages 159–164 in Climbing the Blue Mountain.*

  • Which lines particularly strike you, and how can you apply them to your life this week?

  • Let’s continue extending our practice of Putting Others First. Easwaran writes, “Nothing we do could have a more beneficial influence on those around us than remaining calm and considerate in the midst of ups and downs.” For this week’s challenge, reflect on a situation where you’ve been agitated recently and craft a strategy for remaining calm and considerate the next time you face it.

  • In two weeks, on June 9th, the eSatsang will begin studying Easwaran’s The Constant Companion. To prepare, make sure you have the book available.

    • For readers living in the United States, the print book is available here on our BMCM web store. Electronic versions are available worldwide and are also linked from that page.

    • Here is the cover of the edition we’ll be using:

 
 

Let’s return to Easwaran’s Patanjali talks** for our spiritual treat, this time with Talk 15. The full talk is almost an hour, but you can listen to part of it now and when you return the player will resume where you left off. If time is short, consider starting with the first five minutes, where Easwaran begins, “This evening we take up three aphorisms together in which Patanjali shows us how illumination is a deliverance from time into the eternal now.”

* For those using electronic versions of Climbing the Blue Mountain with different page numbering: this week’s reading is the first half of the chapter “Climbing the Blue Mountain,” ending with “…resentment into love.”

** You’ll need to log in for the link above to work. If it’s your first time, use the button Create new account from the login page.

14 Comments

10 Comments

From Death to Immortality

 
 

Quoting the King of Death, Yama, in the Katha Upanishad, Easwaran writes, “As long as you identify yourself with the body, which is subject to change, so long will you be subject to the last great change called death. If you can break through this identification with the body and learn to identify yourself instead with the changeless Self, the Lord within your heart, you will transcend death here and now.”

Easwaran tell us this is the “greatest of secrets to have come down through all religions.” In this week’s reading, pages 154–158 of Climbing the Blue Mountain,* Easwaran describes how ordinary men and women like us can prepare for this breakthrough by “trying to abolish every vestige of selfishness and separateness from our lives and hearts.”

  • If you have a particular issue you are struggling with right now, look into this reading for tips, and try them out this week.

  • Here is our Putting Others First challenge this week:

    • Easwaran writes, “Ideals are merely ideas until we translate them into daily life – and that means learning to go against the conditioning that urges us to put ourselves first instead.” What is one small way you can go against your conditioning and put others first this week?

  • In three weeks, on June 9th, the eSatsang will begin studying Easwaran’s The Constant Companion. To prepare, make sure you have the book available.

    • For readers living in the United States, the print book is available here on our BMCM web store. Electronic versions are available worldwide and are also linked from that page.

    • Here is the cover of the edition we’ll be using:

 
 

We’ll end with another spiritual treat: we hope you enjoy this recording of Easwaran reading the passage “The Inner Ruler” from the Isha Upanishad.

* For those using electronic versions of Climbing the Blue Mountain with different page numbering: this week’s reading is the second half of the chapter “The Candle of the Lord,” beginning with “When Dr. Robert Oppenheimer….”

10 Comments

9 Comments

The Candle of the Lord

 
 

“The principles that underlie all major religions may be stated very simply,” Easwaran writes in this week’s reading, pages 149–153 from Climbing the Blue Mountain:*

  1.  “All life, the entire phenomenal world, has as its basis something completely divine.

  2.  It is possible for everyone to know this divine ground of all existence.

  3.  Life has only one purpose: not to make money, nor to enjoy pleasure, nor to achieve success, nor to attain fame, but to know and be united with this divine ground, which we call God.”

 We can verify these truths in our own life – not through the senses, which as finite instruments cannot reach the infinite – but by undergoing universal disciplines, “the purpose of which is to still the mind so that it can reveal, like the still waters of a crystal lake, the divinity at its uttermost depths.” Our united efforts as a satsang are bringing us closer to this great goal.

  •  Identify something in your life that you find confusing at this time, and where you wish you could ask Easwaran for his tips. See what he has to say in our readings. How can you apply his words to your situation?

  • As we continue our Putting Others First exercises, we are looking for ways to deepen them, for example by practicing more consistently or via a bit of extra effort or preparation.

    • Easwaran writes, “Exercising discrimination is part of being kind. We need to combine a soft heart with a hard nose.” This week, watch for examples of people who exercise good discrimination and are able to be warm-hearted yet firm when necessary. Are there situations when you can exercise this skill yourself?

  • In four weeks, on June 9th, the eSatsang will begin studying Easwaran’s The Constant Companion. To prepare, make sure you have the book available.

    • For readers living in the United States, the print book is available here on our BMCM web store. Electronic versions are available worldwide and are also linked from that page.

    • Here is the cover of the edition we’ll be using:

 
 

* For those using electronic versions of Climbing the Blue Mountain with different page numbering: this week’s reading is the first half of the chapter “The Candle of the Lord,” ending with “…glory and effulgence.”

9 Comments

10 Comments

Put Meditation First

“Whatever the obstacles, I wanted to keep on making progress in meditation. That desire is the key.” – Eknath Easwaran

Last week Easwaran began his essay “Deepening Meditation” by helping us understand how meditation works and giving practical suggestions for our meditation period. This week he ends the essay by focusing on one piece of advice: “never allow anything to come in the way of your meditation.” This simple decision, he explains, will save us from innumerable difficulties in stilling the mind. Our reading this week is pages 144–148 in Climbing the Blue Mountain.*

  • What is the most important thing that Easwaran said to you in this reading? How can you apply it in your life?

  • Let’s continue strengthening our ability to put others first:

    • As a challenge this week, practice listening. Take time to listen to others this week. Particularly if there is disagreement, make it your goal to understand what the other person is expressing. But don’t stop just with disagreements. Simply enjoy listening to verbal and non-verbal connections with others. Try to listen knowing that the Lord lives in this person.

  • In five weeks, on June 9th, the eSatsang will begin studying Easwaran’s The Constant Companion. To prepare, make sure you have the book available.

    • For readers living in the United States, the print book is available here on our BMCM web store. Electronic versions are available worldwide and are also linked from that page.

    • Here is the cover of the edition we’ll be using:

 
 

For a spiritual treat, here is the second half of the video we started last week. The player will start automatically where we left off at timepoint 8:30, so feel free to restart at the beginning if you missed it last time. In the video, Easwaran reminds us about all the opportunities our desires offer for gaining a firmer, fitter will. He also discusses practical ways we can make great strides towards realizing our true Self within.

* For those using electronic versions of Climbing the Blue Mountain with different page numbering: this week’s reading is the second half of the chapter “Deepening Meditation,” beginning with “Last, let me share….”

10 Comments

5 Comments

Deepening Meditation

 
 

How can we deepen our meditation? In this week’s reading, pages 137–144 of Climbing the Blue Mountain,* Easwaran helps us via two main approaches. “To begin with, understanding how meditation works can help a good deal in understanding all the little ways in which it can be improved.” So in the first half of the reading he uses numerous metaphors to help us understand the process of stilling the mind.

The second half is full of practical suggestions for our meditation period itself. Easwaran ends this section by assuring us that these simply suggestions “are so important that if they are followed scrupulously, to the letter, you cannot help making steady progress.” May we take little steps towards depth together this week.

  • What is Easwaran telling you about the workings of your own mind? This week, use this new understanding to get some cooperation from your mind when it is being uncooperative. Tell us how it goes!

  • We have been making a second pass through our Putting Others First exercises and looking for ways to deepen them, for example by practicing more consistently or via a bit of extra effort or preparation. Here’s our challenge this week:

    • When you are feeling negative, tired, bored, sad, or anxious, try this easy fix-it. Do something for someone else. For instance, make some soup to share with a neighbor; do an errand for your partner; play a board game with the kids; call a lonely friend. Notice for yourself how quickly your own state of mind changes. Tell us how it goes!

For our spiritual bonus this week, let’s enjoy the first half of this video, ending at timepoint 8:30. Of course you are welcome to continue and watch the second half as well, but note that we’ll be using it for our treat next week. In the video, Easwaran reminds us about all the opportunities our desires offer for gaining a firmer, fitter will. He also discusses practical ways we can make great strides towards realizing our true Self within.

* For those using electronic versions of Climbing the Blue Mountain with different page numbering: this week’s reading is the first half of the chapter “Deepening Meditation,” ending with “…making steady progress.”

5 Comments

10 Comments

The Path of Meditation

 
 

“As our attitudes and actions become focused on an overriding goal, integration takes place at the deepest level in character, conduct, and consciousness.” – Eknath Easwaran

Last week Easwaran explained that meditation is integration, and detailed his instructions for meditation on a passage. This week he gives a synopsis of the other seven points of his program, as we finish his essay “The Path of Meditation” by reading pages 131–136 in Climbing the Blue Mountain.

We look forward to hearing what inspires you as we focus together on these essentials from Easwaran.

  • Is there a tip in this reading that is particularly challenging for you? How will you wrestle with it this week?

  • Let’s continue building our muscles for putting others first:

    • A challenge: is there a situation or person that annoys you or makes you impatient? This week, put special effort into focusing on the positive in that person. Whenever you think a critical thought about the person, correct it by reminding yourself of a positive quality. When interacting, focus on their positive qualities. When you remember the interaction afterward, or when you talk to others about it, purposely focus on the things that you had in common or that went well. You will need your mantram for this exercise! Share your brave experiments.

Our extra spiritual treat this week is Christine Easwaran reading the passage “This Morning I Pray” from the Ortha Nan Gaidheal.

10 Comments

10 Comments

Meditation Is Integration

“Most of us have grasshopper minds,” Easwaran writes in this week’s reading, “dispersing our attention, energy, and desires in all sorts of directions and depriving us of the power to draw upon our deeper, richer resources for creative living.”

Meditation is the solution to this dispersion: “Meditation is integration.” This integration is the key to using all our intelligence and creative faculties, the key to peace and happiness.

In this week’s essay, “The Path of Meditation,” Easwaran presents his eight-point program for realizing our potential. Let’s start by reading the first half, pages 127–131 in Climbing the Blue Mountain, in which he covers the first point, Meditation on a Passage.

10 Comments

11 Comments

Taking Evolution Into Our Own Hands

For what purpose am I here? Where am I going? What awaits me after death?” The Hound of Heaven is on the trail of every one of us, Easwaran writes, and these questions will not leave us alone. “Without answers to these questions, life has very little meaning.”

This week as we read pages 121–125 of Climbing the Blue Mountain, Easwaran leads us to take evolution into our hands by “[turning] inwards to discover the source of meaning and fulfillment right within yourself.” This discovery in turn embraces the whole of life and brings us home into the arms of the Lord.

11 Comments

11 Comments

The Hound of Heaven

Whether you like it or not, whether you know it or not, secretly nature seeks and hunts and tries to ferret out the track in which God may be found. – Meister Eckhart

With this epigraph Easwaran begins his essay “The Hound of Heaven,” in Climbing the Blue Mountain. The Hound cannot be evaded, and its chase may manifest as insistent questions about the meaning of life.

“It is a sure measure of the Lord’s love,” Easwaran tells us, “that whether or not we want to think about it, he will find ways to go on asking until finally we do hear. Many of the tragedies and reversals of life are special delivery letters sent straight from the Lord to our door, reminding us that other activities will bring us very little satisfaction until we discover why we are here.”

This week, let’s read the first half of this essay, from page 117 to the top of 121, ending with “…fulfillment right within yourself?”

11 Comments

10 Comments

Identifying With Our Real Self

Last week Easwaran shared how Granny used a stolen mango in his village school days to teach him about sakshi, one of the Thousand Names of Sri Krishna meaning “the internal witness.”

This week as we read pages 111–116 to finish his essay with that same title in Climbing the Blue Mountain, he narrates how Granny renewed the lesson when he was in high school by questioning him about rumors of his impoliteness to a neighbor’s sister. “What does it matter what his sister says?” Easwaran replies.

“‘What about yourself?’ she would ask. ‘Don’t you want the respect of yourself?’
‘Of course, Granny.’
‘Well, then,’ she would say, ‘you have to earn it.’”

The security that comes from gaining the respect of our own Self, Easwaran says, “cannot be shaken by anything on earth.”

10 Comments

12 Comments

The Internal Witness

"…Someone inside is watching everything, someone who never misses a thing,” Granny tells Easwaran in the story he uses to start this week’s essay, titled “The Internal Witness.”

This internal witness is our real Self, hidden by many layers of conditioning. “Our whole job in life is to remove these veils – that is, to overcome all the compulsive aspects of our surface personality.”

This week let’s read the first half of this essay, pages 105–111 in Climbing the Blue Mountain, ending with “…we are beginning to identify with our real Self.”

12 Comments

11 Comments

The Very Source of Power in Ourselves

Easwaran describes an entry into the unconscious in this week’s reading, pages 98–104 of Climbing the Blue Mountain.* Last week he lead us past the exterior in this “house of the mind.” Now we explore the deepest and highest reaches.

Of course this represents the spiritual journey, on which he is indeed leading each of us. As we progress, “We know what we have to do. It will be terribly hard, but we need to get control of the very source of power in ourselves – get into the basement and wire all those dynamos together to harness the full power of our desires.”

The labor is monumental, but so are the benefits. We look forward to hearing your insights and reflections.

11 Comments

9 Comments

The House of the Mind

Like owners of an elegant Victorian home, many of us focus elaborate attention on the exterior: our appearance and surface pursuits. To find our divine core, however, “we cannot stay outside. We need to open the door of the Victorian house of the mind and go in.”

In this week’s essay from Climbing the Blue Mountain, Easwaran uses this “homely illustration” to help us remember an eternal truth: “that by whatever name we call him, the Lord of Love is always present in the depths of our consciousness. Nothing we do can displease him. And human life has one single purpose: to discover this divine Self through the practice of spiritual disciplines, of which the foremost is meditation.”

This week let’s read the first half of “The House of the Mind,” pages 93–98, ending with “…impossible to go at all.”

9 Comments